The first step in understanding of color is to learn about the basic
attributes and how they can be used to achieve dramatic and effective
color design. There are three attributes of color, hue or color, value
or lightness, chroma or saturation. The three attributes of color are
what defines every color.
Hue is the name for a color, such as yellow, red, blue, green. We used
the color wheel to represent the basic hues of the visible spectrum. To
simplify, the most common color wheel is made up of 12 color gradations,
but there are actually an infinite number of gradations possible on the
wheel.
The second attribute of a color is value, or the relative lightness or
darkness of a color. Lighter value is achieved by adding white to a
color, and vice versa, darker value results from adding black.
The third attribute of color is chroma, or saturation, the relative
purity, or intensity of a color determined by how much or how little
gray is added to the color. The value of the colors on a chroma scale do
not change, only the intensity of the colors varies.
Other terms that useful to a basic understanding of color theory are
tint, shade, and tone. These are colors of full intensity or chroma
mixed with white, black or gray.
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